#2 The Missiological Strategies of Network211
J. PHILIP HOGAN LECTURES
NETWORK211: A PROTOTYPE FOR 21ST CENTURY
GLOBAL EVANGELISM AND DISCIPLESHIP
DR. MARK FLATTERY
SECOND LECTURE
THE MISSIOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF NETWORK211
OCTOBER 11, 2017
ASSEMBLIES OF GOD THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
SPRINGFIELD, MISSOURI
The starting point for beginning a ministry is to determine its theological values. The next step is to set a strategy. Movement for the sake of moving gains motion only, but moving purposefully on vision, mission, and strategy provides a road map for accomplishment. We must do what we can and know that, ultimately, it is the Lord’s will that is to be done. Proverbs 19:6 states, “The mind of a man plans his way, but the Lord directs his steps” (NASB). May we be obedient to follow His direction.
Recently, I attended a Dallas Mavericks basketball game with two of my sons. The arena was almost completely full and so I estimated there were about 17,000 people in attendance. As they played the game, I began to survey the crowd. The people represented a wide variety of nationalities—Asians, Africans, North Americans, Europeans, South Americans. It was as if the United Nations had suspended their meetings and made the Mavericks game their evening event. Also, there were people who, like us, could afford only the “cheap” seats while others sat much closer to the floor. Ordinary people attended the game, and even special guests attended, like the baseball Hall of Famer, Ken Griffey, Jr., who sat on the front row.
The thought then came to mind: “How can I tell these people about the love of Jesus?” Immediately, my missiological training rose to the challenge. I could respond as a missionary and then move the people toward their involvement with the “Indigenous Principles” missions strategy.
Indigenous Principles
As a missionary, I have experienced moving to a land where I had never been, ministering among a people whom I had never met, and learning a language I had never studied. My experiences as a missionary kid (MK) in Belgium and then as a missionary in Tanzania prepared me for such an assignment at the gym that night, as hypothetical as it was. I could live among the people, learn their languages, experience and master their culture and customs, earn their confidence and right to share the gospel, and find a “redemptive bridge” to communicate the Good News.
In Don Richardson’s book, Peace Child, he recounts his missionary service among the Sawi people of New Guinea.[1] The Sawi people glorified treachery and identified the hero of their war stories as the one who gained the trust of hated enemies only to betray them in the end. Their custom was to broker peace with their enemies by exchanging two children, a “peace child” from one tribe to the other. As long as the children lived, there was peace.
After a long struggle, Richardson finally broke through when he learned of the “peace child” concept. He told them how God gave His one and only Son, His child, to the Sawi people even though they were like enemies. Yet, they did not receive His peace child. This was the “redemptive bridge” that the Sawi people needed to understand the plan of salvation.
What “redemptive bridge” could I find among the people in Dallas at the American Airlines arena that night? Obviously, they enjoy basketball on some level or they would not be in attendance. However, this would require more thought. Once I shared the gospel with the basketball fans, I would then need to begin the process of making disciples and building the church. In Assemblies of God World Missions (AGWM), we would commence the “Indigenous Principles” missiological strategy.
Melvin Hodges, missionary to Latin America, popularized The Indigenous Principles as the main AGWM strategy in his book, The Indigenous Church (1953). The principles espoused the three “selfs”: self-governing, self-supporting, and self-propagating. These were described as follows:
· “Self-governing: In a self-governing church, nationals, empowered by the Holy Spirit, provide leadership for the church, rather than rely on outside agencies for decision making.”
· “Self-supporting: A self-supporting national church does not rely on outside funding to carry on its work, but rather encourages its people to give in devotion to Christ and the work of the ministry.”
· “Self-propagating: A self-propagating national church effectively evangelizes on its own within the surrounding region and beyond. A self-propagating church should by nature be self-missionizing. There may be no greater indication of indigeneity than when a national church establishes a sending structure to mobilize workers to reach beyond its own people.”[2]
The Indigenous Principles have proven themselves as an effective missiological strategy because they helped create mature Assemblies of God churches in the nations of the world. These international churches are autonomous and participate in the World Assemblies of God as a cooperative fellowship.
Missionaries enter a nation to evangelize and make disciples. The core concept in these endeavors has been that missionaries do this by the power and enablement of the Holy Spirit. The local people come to know Christ and grow in their relationship with Him by the same empowerment. Those who are called by God to serve in local churches and on a national level are trained, initially, by missionaries and then by their own trained ministers. Thus, ministry in a nation expands exponentially and effectively.
Cooperative Multinationalism
Dr. George M. Flattery commented on the Indigenous Principles and created a subsequent strategy in his paper, “Cooperative Multinationalism: An Emerging Philosophy of Missions” (1969). He provided three strengths of the Indigenous Principles missions philosophy:
“One strength of the indigenous church philosophy is that it teaches nationals to rely directly on God rather than foreign churches for guidance and sustenance.”
“Another strength, related to the first, is that nationals are taught the virtue of self-reliance. … It seeks to build men, to build the kingdom of God, and to give them a sense of pride, worth, accomplishment, and fulfillment.”
“Finally, the indigenous church philosophy is strong because it recognizes cultural differences.”[3]
Dr. Flattery then identified the weaknesses:
“Because of its emphasis on indigeneity, the indigenous theory can be weak in its recognition of the commonalities in cultures and human nature. In the final analysis cultures and human nature are really very similar in many ways wherever you go. Although marriage customs vary in different cultures, some form of marriage exists in every culture. Similarly, although people laugh and cry about different things in different cultures, they all laugh and cry about something. Given the limitations we have in terms of personnel and funds, a great deal of attention should be given to what is common to man everywhere.”
“Another weakness of the indigenous church theory is that it may not give adequate consideration to the universality of the gospel or of the church. … Further, the church, though organized into various autonomous groups, is really universal. While we will continue to speak of national churches, we should also speak of the supranational churches.”
“Still another weakness of this theory is that the three self can easily be overemphasized. When this happens, the national churches tend to become self-centered.”
“However an overemphasis on self-government can keep national churches from working together toward common goals. The reason for this is that cooperation, even though it may be voluntary, requires a degree of submission.”
Concerning self-propagation: “An overemphasis of this concept will cause a national church to become self-centered, resulting in its own loss. … The churches of every nation should remain open to God’s blessing through the ministries of the foreigners.”
Concerning self-support: “Unless the national churches are taught, however, to give to foreign missions as well as to their own churches, they can easily become self-centered. ... Rather, we have preached that the way to build a strong base is to start with a world vision. We have believed that there is gain through loss, blessing in giving.”[4]
The themes that Dr. George Flattery mentioned when considering the weaknesses of the Indigenous Principles proved foundational in the creation of two global ministries that he founded: International Correspondence Institute (later called, “ICI University” and now, “Global University”) and Global Colleagues (now called, “Network211”). The themes are commonalties in culture and human nature, universality of the gospel, and cooperation in ministry. These themes led to the creation of a subsequent missiological strategy that he called “Cooperative Multinationalism”: “This philosophy, including both theory and practice, emphasizes the cooperative participation of many national churches in the task of world missions. Because of this, it may be called cooperative multinationalism.”[5]
Flattery believes that two important values for churches on a national level are “nationalism” and “internationalism.” The former addresses the desire for each church to have independence while the latter reveals the need for churches to work in voluntary cooperation with other churches around the world. Groups must address fundamental questions when attempting to work in cooperation: (1) Who will be in control? (2) Who will do the work? and (3) Who will provide the finances? By answering these questions, people can structure their working relationships. In any venture, if progress is to be made, these issues cannot long be ignored.[6] In a cooperative multinational relationship, churches desire to be in control and yet know that if they work with churches in other nations, together, they can accomplish so much more when it comes to fulfilling the Great Commission on a global scale.
Flattery provided a realistic observation about cooperative fellowship:
As we might expect, world missions is greatly affected by the forces of nationalism and internationalism. Strong advocates of both forces can be found within the body of Christ. In church life, as in politics, an overemphasis on either force can be detrimental. Nationalism in the extreme selfishly ignores the universality of the body of Christ. On the other hand an internationalism that promotes the organizational unity of all saints is unwise. It does not recognize the inability of men, though saved, to wisely and justly administer so much ecclesiastical power. Until Christ comes to rule over the earth, the ideal for the sons of God is cooperation and spiritual unity within a degree of organizational diversity.[7]
The framework of Indigenous Principles can be operation within the Cooperative Multinationalism strategy. Churches can be self-governing but work together with other churches with the value of mutual respect. They can be self-propagating to address their own situations and, at the same time, learn from other churches and call on them to consider the needs that they cannot fulfill alone. Finally, they can take responsibility and be self-supporting and yet bless and be blessed by others as they pool their resources to complete a stated task. The main tenets of Cooperative Multinationalism are cooperative governance, cooperative propagation, and cooperative support. As with Indigenous Principles, these three must work together in the harvest. Cooperative Multinationalism is built on and expands the influence of Indigenous Principles.
The Network211 Core Strategy
I was considering these thoughts as I was surveying the crowd at the Dallas Mavericks basketball game. Yes, I could respond as a missionary to their spiritual needs and use the Indigenous Principles strategy. But, I realized quickly that I could not do this alone and so I would need to enlist the help of others. The Cooperative Multinational approach would be even more effective because I would be blessed and be a blessing by working in cooperation with other people and their teams.
Again, I asked myself: “How can I tell these people about the love of Jesus? This is an overwhelming task that would take me years to address adequately. Suddenly, the referee blew his whistle because the visiting team had called a time out. Something happened that changed my strategy. In fact, it was so impactful that it might even alter our missiological approach to global evangelism and discipleship. When the referee blew his whistle, the crowd reacted like Pavlov’s dogs salivating at the stimulus. Almost every individual in the crowd reached immediately for his or her cell phone. Some people checked their emails, some searched the Internet, and others took pictures of the athletes or took “selfies.”
When they reached for their cell phones, a voice in my head said, “I got you!” I am the President and Ministry Director of Network211, an Internet ministry. We use twenty-first century technology to communicate the first century gospel. With the aforementioned missiological strategies, I can attempt to “push” the gospel to them. However, a new opportunity has arisen as people go on the Internet marketplace looking for someone to engage them in conversation, to make them feel better about life, and to answer the day’s lingering questions. Instead of “pushing” the gospel to them, they are reaching out and trying to “pull” in someone with an answer.
According to Internet World Stats, approximately 3.8 billion people use the Internet, as of June 30, 2017.[8] That is over one-half of the estimated world population. Arguably, “Internet Users” is the largest people group in history. The site states that the Internet has reached over 31 percent of the total population of Africa, 46 percent of Asia, 79 percent of Europe, 61 percent of Latin America, 59 percent of Middle East, 88 percent of North America, and 70 percent of Oceania and Australia.[9] As missionaries, we can employ the Indigenous Church Principles and Cooperative Multinationalism philosophy to address a new people group, “Internet Users.”
Individuals from every continent, nation, economic status, religious belief, gender, political viewpoint, language group, marital status, parental status, and ethnicity go online searching for answers to the dilemmas of life and are seeking to engage someone in conversation. People of different religions, political views, and various motives are readily available to answer them, so we, as the Church, must also be online to tell them about Jesus.
Network211 uses the Internet as a tool to share the gospel. As I convey the vision, mission, and core strategy of Network211, you will see that the aforementioned missiological strategies form the foundation for this prototype of twenty-first century evangelism and discipleship.
The vision of Network211 is to proclaim Christ to all people, build a global community of believers, and work with our partners in ministry. Clearly, the three themes of Cooperative Multinationalism are foundational to our vision. We believe that discovering “commonalities in culture and human nature” are an open door to proclaiming Christ to all people. The “universality of the gospel” means that we can center a global community of believers around Jesus Christ and the Word of God. Finally, “cooperation in ministry” allows us to work with our partners in ministry on a global scale.
The mission of Network211 is to use twenty-first century technology to communicate the first century gospel by helping people discover and grow in their journey with God. Every individual in the world is on a journey called life. While some individuals acknowledge the spiritual aspect of their personal journey, others ignore it. Our goal is to help people discover and grow in their journey with God. As people engage our online communities, they can journey with us where they are so we can take them where they need to be in Christ. Some individuals start with an introduction to who Jesus is while others need a basic discipleship pathway.
The core strategy of Network211 is to implement the vision and mission by taking individuals on a journey with five phases: search, present, connect, grow, and belong. We will consider briefly each phase.
The Journey: Search.
People from all walks of life go online for various reasons: business, news, entertainment, and social networking. They also go online to seek answers for the troubling dilemmas of life. Internet searching is so common worldwide that the term “Google” is used in daily conversations.
Years ago, I remembered standing on the street corner in Barcelona, Spain, seeking to hand out gospel tracts to people. Most of the visitors to the city were there to attend the Mundial, the World Cup futbol tournament that captivated most of the world at that time. As I stood on the street corner, I did my best to distribute as many tracts as possible because the gospel message must be proclaimed and it would change people’s lives—if only I could get them to receive the pamphlet and read it!
Today, people go on the Internet marketplace in search of answers to their personal issues and looking for someone to present them with answers. The Network211 strategy to present the gospel begins with engaging people on the issues that are important to them. In other words, engage people where they are and then take them to where they need to be in Christ.
An immediate question arises: “How do they find your sites?” The short answer is that we are a Google partner. We leverage Google by purchasing advertising words, combined with many factors such as organic searches, so that our evangelism sites move towards page one in a Google search. When our website appear closer to page one, the more visitors we will engage.
The Journey: Present
When people are searching for an answer, we must present our message clearly and concisely. They are looking for an immediate response that will encourage them to interact with our content while we are seeking a depth of engagement so that we can discuss spiritual matters. So, we leverage their need for immediacy by moving quickly to the core of our presentation—the message of Jesus Christ.
The Network211 strategy to present the gospel is to move the focus of the interaction to Jesus Christ and allow the Holy Spirit to take over. We present the Truth, the Holy Spirit cuts to the core being of the viewer to bring life, hope, and conviction of sin, and the viewer is encouraged to respond by clicking a button and writing to us. Unlike my days of standing on a street corner in Spain, we do not have to do whatever we can to gain the attention of people passing by. Instead, that have come to our site, they are seeking solutions, and we have an opportunity, an open door to their hearts and minds, to present the Truth of Jesus Christ.
The Journey: Connect
One component of our strategy that continues to surprise our site visitors is that we want to engage them in conversation. We encourage them to write to us and we respond, ideally within forty-eight hours. Our teams, called “1-2-1 Connectors,” respond to the “Inquirer” by addressing their issue with a biblical response. They are not counselors but rather spiritually mature believers who provide answers to life’s issues from God’s Word, the Bible. Inquirers often reveal their inner most secrets and heart-felt prayer requests. They admit that they would not share openly with us if we were in the same room, but they feel a sense of security and even anonymity online.
The Network211 strategy to present the gospel continues with engaging individuals at their point of need and providing them with the Truth of God’s Word. Our 1-2-1 Connectors are trained to lead the Inquirers to our online church and then to direct them to a local church in their village, town, or city—whenever this is possible.
Keep in mind that we interface with believers as well as unbelievers on our evangelism sites. Frequently, believers are searching for answers on life issues—such as depression, love, and even how to commit suicide. We have an open door into their lives to remind them of the love of Christ, to encourage them in realizing that life is indeed worth living, and extending hope. Salvation is an ongoing process, as “we are saved, we are being saved, and we will be saved.” When we speaking into the lives of believers and encourage them to continue their journey with Christ, we address the middle position: “we are being saved.”
The Journey: Grow
Our interaction begins with most people at the point of helping them to discover their journey with God, which we call “evangelism.” Of equal importance is “discipleship,” as we seek to help people grow in their journey with God. Our 1-2-1 Connector response teams direct individuals immediately to “The Jesus Path,” our online discipleship pathway. Then, they lead the individuals to Global Christian Center, our online church. This site includes 6,000 articles, including videos and audio content designed to help people grow in their relationship with the Lord. Also, we provide Global Friend Link, an online life group in a social network format, like Facebook, so new believers can enter a community with other believers and focus on Jesus Christ and what He has done for them.
Soon, Global Christian Center will become “Journey Online” with a focus on being an online community of faith where individuals can learn to apply God’s Word to daily life. The components of Global Christian Center will remain such as a weekly video service, podcasts, and articles. However, the focus will be on personal discipleship.
The Network211 strategy to present the gospel leads to discipleship so that individuals around the world can grow in their relationship with the Lord. This addresses the Internet searches of people who are seeking answers to life’s dilemmas and who need a more in-depth response as to how God will journey with them.
The Journey: Belong
The Network211 1-2-1 Connector teams are trained to request the Inquirer’s contact information and, with permission, forward that to a Pastor so that he or she can be directed to a local church. The Network211 strategy to present the gospel directs individuals to a local church where they can enter into a community of faith and grow spiritually as a member of the family of God.
The core strategy of Network211 is to help individuals discover and grow in their journey with God. The five phases are search, present, connect, grow, and belong, the essence of which is captured in the phrase “searches to churches.” This is an opportunity of such magnitude that we must capitalize on it and use it for God’s glory.
The Network211 Strategy Expanded
The Network211 core strategy then expands from impacting individuals to being more group specific. The template is the same but targeted audiences will be added. The expanded strategy still focuses on our vision: to proclaim Christ to all people, build a global community of believers, and work with our partners in ministry. Here are some examples of the expanded strategy.
1. Top Ten Languages of the Internet. The starting point to reaching the 3.8 billion “Internet Users” as a people group is to engage them where they are so that we can take them to where they need to be in Christ. The question then became, “What languages are Internet Users using?” Internet World Stats reports that over 83.3 percent of Internet Users use one or more of the “top ten languages of the Internet.”[10] The goal for Network211 became to offer our main evangelism sites in the top ten languages of the Internet, which we completed in 2017 (www.JourneyAnswers.com and www.WhoJesusIs.com).
2. Communities. The core strategy focused on reaching individuals by addressing their heart-felt needs and life issues. This general approach has yielded results. The expanded strategy considers how we can reach people who are members of a specific audience so that we can address the needs and issues that are particular, if not unique, to them. Initially, we called this “targeted audiences” but now prefer to use the term “communities.”
One example is Network211’s The Warrior’s Journey that is found at www.TheWarriorsJourney.org. This online community, designed as a resource to help warriors and their families discover and grow in their journey with God and find wholeness in life, addresses their unique issues, connects them with chaplains and believers who have served in the military, and directs them to faith-based partner organizations who can continue to journey with them to address their specific needs, such as PTSD. The Warrior’s Journey incorporates a wealth of content, such as videos, articles, and daily devotionals that will help our warriors and their families navigate the issues of life. This online resource combines evangelism and daily discipleship into one community.
The expanded strategy for Network211 offers similar online resource communities for a variety of targeted audiences. Examples of this are communities for each of the major religions of the world, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. Other communities to consider focus on youth, university students, seniors, and people dealing with addictions. Network211 need not be the expert in each of these arenas but rather partners with people with specific areas of expertise. We initiated The Warrior’s Journey because that door was the first to open and respond.
3. Journey Online. As mentioned earlier, we are transforming our presentation of the Network211 online church, www.GlobalChristianCenter.com, to become “JourneyOnline.” The focus will be altered slightly to highlight our desire to help individuals grow in their journey with God. The content will focus on how to apply God’s Word to daily life. JourneyOnline will be Network211’s community of faith for the English language. It will feature our evangelism sites and move the viewer seamlessly into our discipleship content.
Our goal then is to offer JourneyOnline as a community of faith in each of the top ten languages of the Internet. The plan is not to translate all content from English to the specific language but rather to curate original content from Network211 ministry partners. This will increase our effectiveness in communicating the gospel, as the content will be designed specifically to reach the users of that particular language. Also, this will allow Network211 to work with Assemblies of God churches around the world to produce an online community with quality and effective content and follow up.
4. Content for Local Churches. Ministry partners can embed virtually all content offered by Network211 on their websites so that they can use the Internet as a tool for sharing the gospel. We call this “Content Syndication.” Local churches can present their websites beyond being an electronic brochure and can engage their viewers in evangelism and ongoing discipleship with our content.
A second opportunity for local churches to use the Internet as a tool of the gospel is by partnering with Network211 in a “Target Evangelism Campaign” (TEC). Network211 will geo-target an advertising campaign around specific areas of the church and immediately direct individuals to the 1-2-1 Connector team of the church. The team is comprised of church members who will respond to inquirers and invite them to their church. The idea is that the church will spent their advertising dollars on a TEC as an evangelistic outreach.
5. Partnerships. A vital component of the Network211 strategy expanded is partnerships. We can leverage over 100 years of global missionary service to partner with Assemblies of God churches worldwide and create a network to minister to individuals from “searches to churches.” Here are some examples of how our strategy can use Indigenous Principles and Cooperative Multinationalism to benefit everyone involved and help build the Kingdom of God.
a. Partnerships with Assemblies of God (AG) churches worldwide. Network211 partners with the Assemblies of God around the world. An example is the AG in India, led by Pastor David Mohan. We promote our evangelism websites as well as our online church with an advertising campaign in India. People in India view our sites, click an evangelism response button, and then write to us. Pastor Mohan has teams in place, led by Noel Pentony, who serves as the “Head Coach.” These teams are the Network211 1-2-1 Connectors who respond to the Inquirers within 48 hours. They direct Inquirers to our online discipleship content and request the Inquirers contact details. An AG pastor visits the Inquirer in his or her home in an attempt to direct the person into a local church. Network211 implements the aforementioned missions strategies as we partner with believers in India who serve as Connectors and the Assemblies of God in India who oversees the project and gleans the results—people in their churches.
In a similar manner, Network211 partners with Assemblies of God World Missions missionaries. In major cities of the world, missionaries who are planting churches can partner with Network211 in a Targeted Evangelism Campaign. The missionary can lead a team of Connectors who follow up and invite Inquirers to church.
b. Partner with local churches. Network211 can partner with local churches anywhere in the world by providing content for their websites. Churches who become Network211 ministry partners can embed our content on their websites and present it as their own. They have the assurance the content has been vetted and approved and the content can be refreshed regularly so that the church’s pages are vibrant. This can be especially impactful for a smaller church that lacks the resources and ability to maintain a website.
c. Partner with churches and missions agencies. As people migrant to different nations, some voluntary and others forced, it creates an issue for a local church or a missions agency because might not be equipped to minister to people coming from various nations. For example, many churches in Europe are not equipped to evangelize refugees from the Middle East who use Arabic or Farsi as their main language. Another example is churches in major cities such as Vienna, Austria, or Los Angeles, California that have a large number of languages represented in their population. Network211 can partner with these churches as we offer evangelism in the top ten languages of the Internet and are developing our strategy to offer JourneyOnline in those same languages.
6. Three key questions plus one. Network211 has a strategy to address the three fundamental questions groups must ask when working in cooperation, as mentioned in Dr. Flattery’s paper on Cooperative Multinationalism.
a. Who will be in control? Network211 will create and administrate the online resources. Ministry partners are encouraged to provide content as well as their evaluation of the presentations so as to ensure the message is effective and the follow-up is completed.
b. Who will do the work? Network211 will do its part, as mentioned in the answer to the first question. As we work with those who are experts in their field, we will rely on our partners for their expertise and content to produce an effective online resource.
c. Who will provide the finances? Initially, Network211 will raise the funds to create online resources and to purchase advertising on search engines such as Google and Baidu. Ideally, ministry partners will provide funds as well. Targeted Evangelism Campaigns (TEC) are funded solely by ministry partners.
d. Who receives the credit? This question was not presented in Dr. Flattery’s aforementioned paper but is an important one to consider. Network211 websites are “white labeled,” which means our name is not readily apparent. The goal goes against popular advertising because this approach does not build our brand. The goal is to minister to individuals and to get them into local churches. Our strategy is to build the ministries of our partners, specifically the local church. In that light, our partners get the credit. Ultimately, the Lord receives and deserves the credit.
Concluding Remarks
We praise the Lord for the missions strategies and philosophies developed and tested by our missionary predecessors. They sought the Lord and gleaned a harvest of souls that continues today. The challenge we face is to apply these same principles to our twenty-first century context. Though our world has changed as the decades pass, the themes of world missions remain constant. People are in desperate need of a Savior. The message of the gospel is timeless and continues to transform lives. We must cooperate in ministry to accomplish effectively our God-given task of the Great Commission.
In Lecture One, we discussed the theological values of Network211. Today, we considered the missiological strategies of Network211. In the third lecture I will present the global ministry of Network211 which involves “Internet Users” as a people group, “Globalism” as a world system, and “Global Individuality” as the next force in world missions.
[1] Don Richardson, Peace Child (Ventura, CA: Regal, 1974).
[2] John Easter, “The Indigenous Church: Advancing Our Missions strategy for the Next 100 Years,” Enrichment Journal, http://enrichmentjournal.ag.org/201404/201404_086_Indigenous_Church.cfm.
[3] George Flattery, “Cooperative Multinationalism: An Emerging Philosophy of Missions” (City, ST: Publisher, 1969), 16-17. This was retrieved from https://georgemflattery.com/index.php/articles/cooperative-multinationalism/cooperative-multinationalism-an-emerging-philosophy-of-missions.
[4] Ibid., 15-21.
[5] Ibid., 1.
[6] Ibid., 2.
[7] Ibid., 9.
[8] Internet World Stats, “Internet Usage Statistics,” accessed August 24, 2017, http://www.internetworld
stats.com/stats.htm.
[9] Ibid.
[10] Ibid.
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